Preheat the oven: Set to 375°F (190°C).
Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Brown the beef: In a large skillet over medium-high heat, cook the ground beef until no longer pink, breaking it up with a spoon. Drain excess fat if needed.
Sauté aromatics: If the pan is dry, add olive oil. Stir in onion and bell pepper.
Cook 4–5 minutes until softened. Add garlic and cook 30 seconds.
Season and simmer: Sprinkle in taco seasoning and smoked paprika. Stir to coat.
Pour in beef broth (or water) and simmer 2–3 minutes until slightly reduced.
Add mix-ins: Fold in black beans, drained tomatoes, corn, and 1 cup salsa. Simmer 3–4 minutes so the mixture thickens. Taste and season with salt and pepper.
Make the creamy layer: In a bowl, whisk Greek yogurt with the blended cottage cheese (or just yogurt if skipping cottage cheese).
Stir in 1/2 cup salsa. This adds creaminess and protein.
Layer the casserole: Spread a thin layer of salsa (about 1/4 cup) in the baking dish. Add half the tortilla pieces (or half the cauliflower rice).
Spoon over half the beef mixture, then half the creamy mixture. Sprinkle 1 cup cheese. Repeat layers with remaining tortillas, beef, creamy mixture, and finish with the remaining 1 cup cheese.
Bake: Cover loosely with foil and bake for 15 minutes.
Remove foil and bake another 10–12 minutes until bubbly and cheese is melted and lightly golden.
Rest and garnish: Let it rest 10 minutes to set. Top with cilantro and any optional toppings. Slice into squares and serve with lime wedges.